previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
final qualifier; final qualifying round
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
(fighting) spirit; motivation; shout (for getting in the right mood to deal with something, etc.); cheer; kiai; short shout when performing an attacking move
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
older sister; lass; young lady
backup dancer; background dancer
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
in comparison to; rather than
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
door; gate; opening; title page
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
than; from; out of; except; but; more
union; unity; bundling; binding; (arch.) putting on (clothes, armour, etc.)
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify