indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
myself; yourself; I; me; you
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
adds force or indicates command
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
by myself; in person; by oneself
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all