footpath; walkway; sidewalk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
(not) even once; (not) ever
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
I know, right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!; there we go
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
in proportion to; just as much as
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; the present time; just now; another; more
intently; single-mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one's heart
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
serious; not joking; straight
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence