indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
generally; on the whole; general; rough; outline; main points
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
penny candy; cheap individually wrapped sweets
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think too much; to be over-concerned
lack of sleep; sleep deprivation
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
well, ...; right, ...; so; then; that way (would mean ...); if that is the case
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
food; foodstuff; eating; appetite; meal; portion
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
how much; how many; to what extent; oh my god; how; what the
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
perhaps; possibly; by some chance; by some possibility
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to plunge into; to charge into; to delve into (a matter); to go into depth; to press (someone) about
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
pish; pooh; I see; oh; indeed
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not