indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
schoolyard; playground; school grounds; campus
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
first day of the month; (arch.) first ten days of the lunar month
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
suffix for familiar person
set; set meal; combo-meal; hairdo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to collect; to assemble; to gather
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?