to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
suffix for familiar person
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Hinamatsuri (March 3); Hina Matsuri; Girls' Festival; Dolls' Festival
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
congratulation; congratulations; celebration; congratulatory gift; present
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
to wear (from the shoulders down); to put on; to take (the blame, responsibility); to bear
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
feeling; sense; impression
how about ...?; I wonder; I don't know
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
elm bark clothes traditionally worn by the Ainu; elm bark textile
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
you; Mr; Mister; older brother; elder brother
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
hand-me-down; food offering to the gods; leftovers; trip from Kyoto to the provinces
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money); indicates that the action is directed towards the speaker; indicates that the object of an action arrives at or is received by the speaker
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)