hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
older brother; elder brother
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
cart (esp. a food cart); stall; festival float; portable shrine dedicated to a god and shaped like a house; stage prop fashioned after a large building; framework (of a house, etc.)
elm bark clothes traditionally worn by the Ainu; elm bark textile
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to get drunk; to become intoxicated; to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle); to become nauseated; to be elated; to be exalted
serving (of food); helping; chilled soba served on a dish (often on a wicker basket or in a shallow steaming basket) with dipping sauce
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
honorific/polite/humble prefix
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
than; from; out of; except; but; more