indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
please (give me); please (do for me)
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hit hard; to punch hard; to give a hard blow; to wallop; to sock
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
by means of; due to; because of; according to
reality; actuality; hard fact
change in appearance; transformation
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
science fiction; sci-fi; SF
general idea; concept; notion
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the aforementioned; the said; (man, incident, etc.) in question; the usual