representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
to tease; to make fun of; to ridicule; to mock; to play with (e.g. a toy); to fiddle with
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
life; living; I; me; student
to be wounded; to get injured; to get hurt feelings; to get damaged; to get chipped
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
boarder; boarding student
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
reliance; trust; faith; confidence
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
now; the present time; just now; another; more