today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
homeroom; form room; form class
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to discuss; to talk together
time; hour; period; class
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
arts and sciences; liberal arts
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
club; fraternity; sorority; clubhouse
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ensemble (e.g. orchestra, chamber group, etc.); concert
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently