right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
without; but if; otherwise; or else
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to bark; to howl; to howl (e.g. of the wind); to roar; to yell; to cry
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
honorific/polite/humble prefix
being on duty; person on duty
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience