misfortune; bad luck; ill luck; ill fortune
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be fated to; be linked by fate
older brother; elder brother
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
Japanese person; Japanese people
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
by means of; due to; because of; according to
(weather) front; front line; forward area; action zone
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
return; comeback; reinstatement; carriage return; CR
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
before one's very eyes; under one's nose; imminence; close at hand
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
holding on to; sticking to
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
section chief; laboratory manager; office head; room monitor
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
duty; function; office; mission; task
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...