honorific/polite/humble prefix
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
serious; not joking; straight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
if it is the case that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hesitation; bewilderment; illusion; delusion; inability to reach enlightenment
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
spiritual plane; spiritual aspect; mental level