just now; a little while back; a short time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
while; during; while; although; all; both
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to (call and) stop; to call (someone) to stop; to hail (e.g. a taxi)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
adds force or indicates command
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
(arch.) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); (arch.) eastern provinces; (arch.) east; wagon; yamatogoto; my spouse
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; JAXA
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
right away; without delay; as soon as possible; very soon
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
should; must; -able; probably; likely
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine