indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
young; youth; young person
National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
teacher; instructor; professor
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
jet aeroplane; jet airplane
steering; piloting; flying; management; handling; control
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drive into (e.g. a nail into a board); to hit into (e.g. a home run into the stands); to throw into (e.g. jail); to drum into (someone) (an idea, skill, etc.); to hammer into
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
serious; not joking; straight
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
myself; yourself; I; me; you
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
beginning; outset; first; onset
indiscriminately; blindly; at random; indiscriminate; random; excessive
to get cloudy; to cloud over; to cloud up; to fog up; to be gloomy; to be clouded (expression)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
before very long; soon; someday; of the previously mentioned; of that number; among them
halfway; half measures; unfinished; incomplete; by halves; half-baked
feeling; sense; impression
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in that way; thus; so; so?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
number one; first; best; most; game; round
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error