indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sacred treasure; the three sacred treasures (sword, jewel, mirror); implement used in religious ceremonies
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
in order to do; for the purpose of doing; must; should
participation; joining; entry
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round
versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
cheater; unfaithful person; adulterer
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
body; group; party; gang; troupe; troop
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
as soon as ...; just after ...; immediately after ...; hurriedly; in haste; quickly
head start; initiative; preemption
this very day; today is the day (that ...); today for sure
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
really; truly; indeed; good grief
memory; sense; experience
useless; futile; unnecessary; needless; not on business; unrelated
hey there; I say; see here
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me