indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
background; scenery; background (of an incident, situation, etc.); circumstances; backing; support (from behind the scenes)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
quiet (place); still; silent; inconspicuously; modestly; quietly
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
supporting role (actor); minor role
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accept; to receive; to agree
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
instant; moment; for an instant
to change color (esp. leaves, fruit, flowers) (colour); to turn crimson (e.g. leaves in autumn); to begin to redden; to ripen; to grow ripe
transfer student; student changing schools
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
carrying on one's back (e.g. baby); piggybacking; (arch.) last; (arch.) end
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason