oh!; dear me; my goodness; well well; I say
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
member of shogun's council of elders
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
to guess; to sense; to presume; to sympathize with; to sympathise with
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Ryukyu; chain of southwestern Japanese islands comprising Okinawa Prefecture
criminal; lawbreaker; wrongdoer; offender
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to betray; to turn traitor to; to double-cross
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ronin; masterless samurai; high school graduate waiting for another chance to enter university after having failed the yearly entrance examination; person out of work; jobless person; (arch.) wanderer
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
user; consumer; master (e.g. of swordsmanship); prodigal; spendthrift
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
Shimabara Rebellion (1637-1638)
remnants; survivors; refugees; pocket (of resistance)
rooting up (weeds, etc.); eradication; rooting out; stamping out