indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
by means of; due to; because of; according to
now; the present time; just now; another; more
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
sincerely; earnestly; repeatedly; over and over; again and again
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)