indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish