next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather
spirits; excitement; tension; tension (mental strain); anxiety
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; impulse
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
instant; moment; for an instant
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
how; in what way; how about
grandfather; male senior-citizen
expressly; especially; specially; intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
encouragement; spurring (on); cheering (on)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
one's turn; one's shift; one's turn on stage; screen time; one's time (to act); one's chance
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thousands; several thousand
after an interval of ... years; for the first time in ... years
to boil; to seethe; to roil (e.g. waterfall, torrent); to foam; to well up (of emotions); to overflow (e.g. fighting spirit)