indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
technique; art; skill; move
talent; gift; function; noh (theatre)
to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.); to intersect; to cross; ... with one another; ... to each other
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to dodge; to evade; to avoid; to sidestep
recklessly; thoughtlessly; pamperingly; indulgently; shoo!; heave-ho; hallo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
repeated blows; striking repeatedly; barrage; consecutive hits (e.g. boxing, baseball)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?