indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take into one's possession; to receive; to take into one's care (e.g. person, pet); to take custody of; to leave; to go away
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
sympathy; compassion; pity
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
instructor; (fencing) teacher; model
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to remain; to be left over; to be in excess; to be too many
just because; even if; even though
poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
of all (things, people, places, days, etc.)
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
(some) more; even more; longer; further
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up