indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
failing mark (e.g. in exam)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
replication (of an experiment); verification (of experimental results); reproduction; supplementary examination; makeup exam
ugh; yuck; ick; blech; damn; crap
vomit; spew; confessing; extremely; really
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
return; giving back; giving up; relinquishing; surrendering
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
thanks; gratitude; appreciation; thankfulness
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
from the start; from the beginning; from the outset
(apparently) that's what it's like, isn't it; that sort of (thing mentioned immediately prior)
of course; certainly; naturally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)