indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
technique; art; skill; move
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
adds force or indicates command
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
patina; antique look; elegant simplicity; well-trained voice
(the) negative (e.g. pole); yin (in Chinese divination); hidden place; unseen part
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see