honorific/polite/humble prefix
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
all people; everybody; ten thousand people