indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(sound of) footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
north wind; northerly wind
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
poetry anthology; collection of poems; collected poems
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
number one; first; best; most; game; round
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
wall with exposed timber pillars
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
tsk tsk; oh-oh; huh; what's that?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) han (unit of land area, approx. 595.8 m^2)