everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
generic; general purpose; all-purpose
setting (someone) to work; employment; using; causative (verb, etc.)
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
substitute article; back-up
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
last-minute cramming; overnight cramming; (vegetables) salted just overnight
special training; intensive training; crash course
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
wink of sleep; snooze; doze; nap
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
failure (in an examination); failing to advance (to the next year); falling short of the standard; not making the grade
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
any more; any further; any better; any longer
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to compress; to pack
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
near; close; beside; attendant; retainer; vassal
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to be solved; to be resolved; to loosen; to come untied; to be removed (of restrictions); to be lifted (e.g. a ban)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion