year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
poverty; penury; need; shortage; lack; want
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to boil up; to come to the boil; to arise; to break out; to get excited; to be in uproar
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
Estates General; States-General
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to exert oneself and win; to gain (victory)
to be stormy; to be rough; to be rough (of skin); to be chapped; to be ruined; to fall into ruin
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
no matter how much time passes
unity; coherence; consistency; settlement; conclusion; completion
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to think about; to send one's heart out to; to give more than a passing thought to; to think of something far away; to think nostalgically upon (esp. one's hometown)
member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
important; momentous; essential; principal; major