that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
general term; generic name
construction; establishment
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rapid increase; sharp rise; proliferation; surge; explosion
Metropolitan Police Department (Tokyo)
department (of a university or hospital); course (of study); branch of study; family
(wheeled) vehicle; car; (railroad) car; (railway) carriage; rolling stock
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
car; vehicle; van; (train) car; carriage
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
appropriate (e.g. authorities); concerned; relevant; said; aforementioned; competent
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
line; stripe; line (e.g. telephone line); wire; ray (e.g. X-ray); beam; line (e.g. of a railroad)
Shōwa era (1926.12.25-1989.1.7); reminiscent of the Shōwa era; Shōwa-nostalgic; old-fashioned
Island; insula; island; islet
direction; district; area; field (e.g. of study); sphere; quarter
flight; desertion; escape
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
to repeat; to do over again