that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
development; exploitation
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
general term; generic name
construction; establishment
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rapid increase; proliferation; surge; explosion
Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo)
department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
birth; creation; formation
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
heave-ho; oops; yes; yeah
noon; midday; daytime; lunch
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
section manager; section chief
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial