indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around (sexually; esp. of a male homosexual); having an active sex life
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
advance (into a new market, industry, etc.); expansion (into); launch (into); advance (to the next round of a competition)
generic; general purpose; all-purpose
machine; mechanism; instrument; appliance; apparatus
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
social; societal; societary
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
successive occurrence; frequent occurrence; succession (of); series
Metropolitan Police Department (Tokyo)
central government office; head office; this office
defense; defence; guard; policing; security
the staff; inside the department
special; particular; peculiar; unique
(wheeled) vehicle; car; (railroad) car; (railway) carriage; rolling stock
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
car; vehicle; van; (train) car; carriage
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
holiday; vacation; day off; time off; leave; furlough
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo