indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
pleasant (of a sensation); comfortable; cheerful; happy; smooth (of function); working well
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
ingredient; component; composition
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
tumult; great noise; clatter; hustle and bustle
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
for a short while; for a brief period; soon; in a short while
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
start; beginning; starting (e.g. a race); departing; starting point
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to tire of playing; to become tired after playing
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
misunderstanding; mistaken idea; wrong guess
now; the present time; just now; another; more