indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good feeling; feeling good
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
ingredient; component; composition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
tumult; great noise; clatter; hustle and bustle
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
for a short while; for a brief period; soon; in a short while
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to tire of playing; to become tired after playing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
misunderstanding; mistaken idea; wrong guess
now; the present time; just now; another; more