senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hi!; yo!; hey man!; hey dude!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
stormy weather (at sea); poor catch of fish (due to stormy seas); poor turn-out; recession
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such a thing; something like that
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
adds force or indicates command
close; intimate; on good terms
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense
so; like this; in this way
early on; earlier on; from early
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
commemoration; celebration; honoring the memory of something; turning something into a memento; memory
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class