paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
disastrous scene; terrible spectacle
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
regrettable; vexing; upsetting; unthinkable; wholly unexpected
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
ago; since; before; previous
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
not permitting; not authorizing
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to taste; to eat; to drink; to speak (of); to refer (to); to say
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?