indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
meaning; significance; sense
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
(please) try to; (please) look; seeing; looking
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
opening (one's mouth) wide; saying "aah"; crying loudly; wailing; bawling
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
many; much; a great amount; (arch.) excessive amount
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
failure; mistake; blunder
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
skill; proficiency; dexterity; flattery