(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to scold; to chide; to rebuke; to reprimand
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
honorific/polite/humble prefix
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
your husband; her husband
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
to get worse; to deteriorate; to go from bad to worse; to spoil (of food); to go bad; to perish
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cough cough; with a (wet) cough; violently (coughing)
master; Your Lordship; My Lord; husband
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
coughing; hacking cough; thundering; drumming
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
meal (e.g. lunch, dinner); diet
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
long ago; a long time ago; already
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
how; in what way; how about
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk