near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(sea) voyage; navigation; sailing; passage; cruise
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
not exceeding; and downward; below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level); the below-mentioned; the following
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
integration; unification; unity; combination; consolidation; synthesis
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
day in question; appointed day; that very day; the day (of issue, publication, etc.)
circumference; outskirts; environs; (computer) peripheral
what; what sort of thing; everything; anything; what (on earth)?; what's the meaning of this ...?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
after that; afterwards; thereafter
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
accurate; correct; precise; exact
details; particulars; longitude and latitude; warp and weft; warp and woof
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question