school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly
to become animated; to liven up; to become active
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
hygiene; sanitation; health
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
clear; clearing (a bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball); clearing (e.g. a checked box)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
onigiri; rice ball (often triangular, sometimes with a filling and wrapped in nori)
arbor; arbour; suffix forming the final part of the pseudonyms of some writers and performers; suffix forming the final part of the name of a restaurant
opening a new shop; opening a shop (for the day)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
another time; again; over again; formally; especially; intentionally
essential; important; crucial; vital; main
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be fated to; be linked by fate
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that