indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to experience
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
maid; helper; help; assistance
please (give me); please (do for me)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
strange; unfamiliar; unknown; unfamiliarity; strangeness; stranger
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
trouble; bother; annoyance
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
we are of equal status in this regard; we are in the same boat; the same to you; the feeling is mutual
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience