indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
don't you think?; indicates question
ghost; apparition; goblin; monster; something unusually large
Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil); picotee morning glory; funnel-shaped object; bell (e.g. of a trumpet); (arch.) rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
invasion; raid; attack; visitation (of a calamity)
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to escape from; to get out
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
beyond this point; from now on; after this
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances