indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
goal (in soccer, hockey, etc.); basket (in basketball); finish line; finishing line; reaching the finish line; finishing (a race)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
don't you think?; indicates question
ghost; apparition; goblin; monster; something unusually large
Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil); picotee morning glory; funnel-shaped object; bell (e.g. of a trumpet); (arch.) rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
invasion; raid; attack; visitation (of a calamity)
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to escape from; to get out
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
beyond this point; ahead; from now on; after this; in the future
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances