indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as you see; as you can see
lately; recently; these days
slight; minor; trifling; considerable; proper; decent
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
(the) whole; as a whole; in general; at large
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to digest; to break down; to break to pieces; to be able to use; to be good at; to finish; to complete
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
route; road; distance travelled in a day; one's ... (age, e.g. 40s, 60s)
service; duty; business; Buddhist religious services
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow (i.e. bending of the body); bowing; reward
more and more; increasingly; extremely; very
massage (esp. anma, a traditional form of Japanese massage); masseur; masseuse; (arch.) blind person
outside ...; beyond ...; not included in ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
weather; fair weather; fine weather
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
suffix for familiar person
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
in respect of; in regard to; as for