Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
largest ever; biggest; record
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
Shiga prefecture (Kinki area)
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rise (of a building, mountain, etc.); to tower; to soar
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
perpetrators of (some) crime; (some type of) crime
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to collect; to assemble; to gather
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of one's arrival); invitation
bridge building; mediation; go-between; intermediary; (through the) good offices (of someone)
cloudiness; cloudy weather; fog (on a mirror, glasses, etc.); cloud (e.g. in marble); gloom; dejection
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
known as ...; also known as ...; called ...; AKA
cloudy sky; overcast sky; cloudy weather
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
long ago; already; a long time ago
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
deep (colour); dark; strong (flavour, smell, etc.); thick (consistency); dense; strong (possibility, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
foolish face; stupid look on one's face
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state