Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
largest ever; biggest; record
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
Shiga Prefecture (Kinki area)
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to rise (of a building, mountain, etc.); to tower; to soar
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
prison gate; decapitation (of a criminal) and exposure of the head to public view (Edo-period punishment)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
perpetrators of (some) crime; (some type of) crime
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to collect; to assemble; to gather
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of a visitor's arrival); informing (someone) of a visitor's arrival
mediation; good offices; go-between; building a bridge
cloudiness; cloudy weather; fog (on a mirror, glasses, etc.); cloud (e.g. in marble); gloom; dejection
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
brothers and sisters; siblings; half-siblings; step-siblings; mate; friend
known as ...; also known as ...; called ...; AKA
cloudy sky; overcast sky; cloudy weather
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
long ago; a long time ago; already
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
deep (colour); dark; strong (flavour, smell, etc.); thick (consistency); dense; strong (possibility, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
foolish face; stupid look on one's face
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to