counter for waves (of a repeated occurrence)
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
concentration; thickness; density; cardinality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
per mill; per mille; per mil
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to reach; to get to; to arrive at
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
by means of; due to; because of; according to
fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance
deer (esp. the sika deer, Cervus nippon); cervid
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); live (i.e. not recorded); inexperienced
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
weather; the elements; fair weather; fine weather
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
wrong; different; not like that
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
bad feeling; feeling bad; disagreeable; unpleasant; revolting; gross
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all