indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
treachery; betrayal; perfidy
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
jūbako; multi-tiered food box; heavy; serious; extreme; -fold
maneuver (usu. of military force); manoeuvre; mobile; nimble; agile
mechanism; mechanics; machines; mechanic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
attack on both sides; pincer movement; double envelopment
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
meteor; shooting star; falling star
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
the end; the extremity; the limit; the limits; the result
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
hack; inferior horse; inferior person; incapable person
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
command; control; commander
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
by means of; due to; because of; according to
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)