indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
counterattack; counteroffensive; counterblow
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
again; once more; a second time
to let go of; to release; to part with (e.g. a possession); to relinquish; to send away (e.g. one's child); to let go
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
dram (unit of weight); drachm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
jūbako; multi-tiered food box; heavy; serious; extreme; -fold
maneuver (usu. of military force); manoeuvre; mobile; nimble; agile
mechanism; mechanics; machines; mechanic
escape; getting away (from); getting out (of); prolapse; proptosis
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
main body (of troops); main force; this troop; these troops
attack; assault; criticism; censure; cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
decision; determination; resolution
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what kind of; what sort of; what
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid