Cetus (constellation); the Whale
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
planet; dark horse; surprise contender
morning star; Venus; preeminent person (within their own field); star (of the stage, silver screen, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
reclaimed land; cleared land; area opened for development
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to leak out; to escape; to find expression; to give vent; to leak out; to be divulged
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
union; combination; association; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
outbreak (e.g. of war); outburst; sudden occurrence
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
government; administration; ministry
licence; license; certificate; diploma
publication (of a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.); issue; issue (of banknotes, bonds, passport, etc.); raising (an event)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
official recognition; official approval; certification; authorization; authorisation
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
war; fighting; fierce competition
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)