indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
goodbye; so long; saying goodbye to (e.g. life as a bachelor); putting an end to; farewell (performance, party, etc.); final
autograph; signature; sign; signal; indication
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
between-meal snack; mid-afternoon (around 3 o'clock) snack; afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold