indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
hook (fishing, golf, boxing, etc.)
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
elder sister; effeminate man
suffix for familiar person
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
opening (one's mouth) wide; saying "aah"; crying loudly; wailing; bawling
go on!; right!; here goes!
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
the situation reverses itself; the table is turned; the shoe is on the other foot
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then