what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
beginning of next week (usu. Monday); early next week
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
other party; other side; ahead; in front; destination
to negotiate (with someone about); to talk over (something with); to tackle someone (about); to throw on each other; to splash (water) on each other; to pour on each other
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
telephone call; speaking over the telephone; (Internet) voice call; counter for telephone calls of a set duration
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
mother's side of family; maternal (grandfather, uncle, etc.)
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mum; mom; mummy; the missus
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
unconnected; weakly related; alien; having little prospect of marriage
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
after a long time; for the first time in a while
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet